Overview
The KUBARK Handbook (CIA document 61-112) details various psychological rationales used to induce compliance from resistant sources. These techniques provide face-saving excuses that allow subjects to capitulate without abandoning principle, self-protection, or other initial causes of resistance.
Key Rationales
The Informer Trick
Planting two informants in a cell — one (A) attempts to pry information while the other (B) remains quiet. At the proper time, B warns the source not to tell A anything because B suspects him of being an informant planted by authorities.The All-Seeing Eye / Confession is Good for the Soul
The interrogator who already knows part of the story explains that questioning's purpose is not to gain information but to test the sincerity (reliability, honor) of the source. After asking a few questions with known answers, if the subject lies they are informed firmly and dispassionately that they have lied.The Joint Suspect Gambit
If two sources suspected of joint complicity cannot secure admissions from either, a written confession may be prepared showing A attempting to throw entire responsibility upon B. Edited tape recordings can also be used separately or in conjunction with the written "confession." If A appears ill or dispirited, he can be led past a window where B is placed — B likely interprets A's hang-dog look as evidence of confession.The Mutt-and-Jeff Technique
An interrogator working alone can use this technique after tense sessions by ushering the subject into a refurnished room with comfortable furniture. The interrogator invites him to sit down and explains regret that stubbornness forced harsh tactics, now everything will be different — talking man-to-man.The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing
A successfully withholding source might be tricked into compliance if led to believe they are dealing with the opposition. A case officer previously unknown talks under circumstances convincing the latter is dealing with the opposition. This technique is complicated and risky, requiring a skilled imitator of the opposition.The Placebo / Magic Room Technique
The interrogatee is given a placebo (harmless sugar pill) then told they have imbibed a truth serum that will make them want to talk and prevent lying. Individuals under increased stress are more likely to respond to placebos, as Gottschalk observes.The Rationalization Process
When resistance wavers and desire to yield grows stronger than wish to continue, the interrogator provides an acceptable rationalization — a face-saving reason for compliance. Novice interrogators may be tempted to seize upon initial yielding triumphantly, but this must be rejected immediately as interrogation is not a game with winners and losers.Conversion Attempts
The handbook notes that Communist services often attempt conversion after successful interrogation. While Western view focuses on information extraction, the document suggests that if an interrogatee remains semi-hostile or remorseful after questioning ends, less time may be required to complete their conversion than dealing with their antagonism.Related Concepts
- coercive-interrogation-techniques — Detailed guidance on coercive interrogation techniques for resistant sources
- neurological-effects-of-microwaves — Comprehensive review of neural responses to microwave exposure including behavioral changes